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Traditional use of black seed
There are long historical traditions related to the use of black seed as medicine, especially in the Muslim world. An old saying (to be derived from the Prophet Muhammad) states that “in black seeds you find medicine against all diseases except death”. Black seed was found in Tutankhamon’s burial chamber, but the herb’s role in ancient Egyptian medicine is unknown. The Greek doctor Dioskorides (1st century AD) wrote that black seeds were used for headaches, sneezing, toothache and intestinal worms, and in large doses as a diuretic, to initiate menstrual periods and to increase milk production. Also Galen (131-201 AD) recommended black seeds, given that they help to normalize the immune system and can be used for both weak and too strong reaction to stress.
Today, black seed is a popular spice, especially in India, Pakistan, Egypt and the Middle East, and in earlier times it was also widely used in southern Europe. Black seeds were classified as hot and dry by third grade, some of the old Greek which means that the herb warms the center to drive body fluids, toxins and heat to the surface, dilutes body fluids to ease their flow and opens the skin so that they can be released. For this reason, the herb was traditionally used as a warming, stimulant and bitter digestive, and as an anti-inflammatory, sweating and slimming agent. Funds in this category are also beneficial when there is contamination and toxins in the bloodstream. In addition, the herb was used externally as a softening agent on hard skin.
Medical use in our days
Studies show that black seeds can help protect against a variety of chronic diseases, including cancer, heart disease and asthma, as well as many other conditions. A research team from the Medical University of South Carolina underwent more than 160 scientific studies dealing with the medicinal properties of black seed, and stated that “among the promising medicinal plants, black seed is amazing.”
The most important active ingredient in black seeds appears to be thymoquinone, a substance that has not yet been found in any other plant. Black seeds are also rich in many nutrients, including essential amino acids (building blocks for proteins), essential fatty acids, vitamin beta carotene and the minerals calcium, iron and potassium. The oil that is squeezed out of the seeds is particularly rich in essential fatty acids. It belongs to the same pharmacological group as the oils from the oenothera biennis seeds, black currant (Ribes nigrum) and cucumber (Borago officinalis), all of which have a rich content of essential fatty acids, but at the same time have a little different characteristics. In total, more than 100 substances are important for the health found in black seed, and the researchers believe that many more have not yet been discovered.
Based on the many important ingredients, black seeds have been used for a variety of medical purposes. They can for example help cleanse the blood of toxins and stimulate the liver function, in addition to being used to cure jaundice and as a means to give a more beautiful skin tone. Like so many other herbs, black seeds are good for digestive systems, they relieve stomach aches and cramps, air pains, bloating and colic. It is experience that the seeds also have a blood glucose-lowering, analgesic, anticonvulsant, bronchodilatory and antibacterial effect. The seeds are antiseptic and can also be used against intestinal mucus, especially in children. Black seed is considered to be effective against cramps, painful menstruation, fever (especially relapse fever), asthma, allergies, flu, emphysema and headache. In larger quantities they act as urinary and promote the production of breast milk.
Externally, the seeds can be used on bruises, hemorrhoids, skin diseases and orchids (testicular inflammation, eg in connection with the puberty aftermath).
Strengthens the immune system
Black seed has the ability to strengthen the immune system. In a study where people were treated with black seed oil for four weeks, a 30% increase in the activity of natural killer cells, immune cells that kill viruses and counteracting tumors was achieved. Although immunization is impaired in the elderly, and some experts believe that aging is due to impairment of immunity, black-seed oil may also improve the immune response in elderly, perhaps because the spice contains a mixture of various essential fatty acids that help close the immune system.
Protects the heart
Many studies have shown that black seed extracts can help treat heart disease. Researchers in Pakistan studied 123 people who were divided into two groups, one of whom received grated black seeds for 10 months, while the other did not receive. A favorable effect of the seeds on almost all risk factors for heart disease, including blood pressure, blood fat (like cholesterol), weight, blood glucose levels (75% of those with diabetes of cardiovascular disease) and abdominal fat was found. The study was published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.
Researchers in the Middle East studied people with high blood pressure and divided them into three groups. One received 200 mg of a black seed extract, another received 100 mg and a third received placebo. After two months, those who ingested the spice had a significant reduction in blood pressure, compared to the placebo group. Spices also lowered the “bad LDL cholesterol”. The researchers concluded that daily use of black seed extract for two months may have an antihypertensive effect in patients with mildly elevated blood pressure.
Counteracts cancer
A number of studies on animals and research laboratories have shown that both black seed and the isolated drug thymoquinone can fight cancer. It seems that thymoquinone can fight cancer in many ways. The drug can stop cell division, it can prevent metastases (cancer cells move from the original tumor to other parts of the body), it can stop angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels that lead blood to the tumor) and it can promote apoptosis (programmed cell death). In addition, it can promote the effect of chemotherapy.
One or more of these anti-cancer effects are shown for more than a dozen types of cancer, including breast cancer, rectum, prostate, lungs, skin, esophagus, pancreas, ovaries and blood.
Soothes asthma and allergies
Because black seeds are a powerful antioxidant and inflammatory disorder, the herb can calm down symptoms of asthma and allergies. Researchers in the Middle East studied 29 people with asthma and divided them into two groups. One group consumed an extract of black seed daily, something the other group did not. After six weeks, those who took the spice showed significant improvement in the condition, they experienced fewer asthma symptoms, less frequent symptoms and fewer cases of severe asthma. They also had better general lung function and took less asthmatics. There was little or no change in the group that did not take the extract. Based on the results, the researchers concluded that a black-seed extract has a protective effect against asthma.
German researchers carried out four studies with black-seed extract for asthma, high fever and eczema (allergic skin reaction) involving 152 patients. They found that supplements of black-seed oil reduced the subjective experience of the severity of the disease by the fact that those who took the spice said that the symptoms were reduced. The researchers concluded that black seed oil could be an effective supplement in the treatment of allergic diseases. Half a teaspoon of oil can be taken a few times a day when allergy symptoms appear.
Black seed can also affect many other conditions, such as:
Wounds: Egyptian researchers found that animals treated with black seed had 54% less chance of developing ulcers. Another animal study found that black seed reduced the incidence of aspirin-induced gastric ulcers by 36%.
Ulcerative Colitis: Researchers found that laboratory animals gave thymoquinone “complete protection” against the blooming of this inflammatory disease in the intestine.
Pain: In animal experiments, black seed was effective as medicine to suppress pain and inflammation.
Multiple sclerosis: Two studies found that thymoquinone delayed the development of multiple sclerosis in animals, which may also be transmitted to humans.
Dermatitis (skin allergy): Middle East doctors supplied 120 mg of black-seed extract daily to the treatment regimen of 20 children with epilepsy who did not respond well to normal epilepsy medication. The incidence of seizures was significantly reduced during treatment with the black seed extract.
Black seeds like spice
Black seed is a popular spice in India, Turkey, Greece and the Middle East (especially in Egypt and Tunis). The seeds first taste a bit bitter, later strongly peppery, and the scent is reminiscent of musk nut. In France, the seeds are often called quatre-épices (four spices). Black seed is better known under the Indian name kalonji, despite the fact that they are often (mistakenly) sold in Indian stores such as black onion seeds or black cumin seeds.
Black seeds do not taste very well in themselves, but together with other spices or in a dish they taste delicious. The seeds can be used as a replacement for pepper, which is especially true in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Orient. As spices, black seeds are preferably used for bread and cakes (eg in naan bread) and then sprinkled over the baking tray before placing it in the oven. The seeds (and oil) can also be used in fatty dishes with sauce meat, and flavors for chutney, fish dishes, vegetables and legumes. Indian chefs steak or dry the seeds to develop the taste before sprinkling over vegetarian dishes and salads. In addition, the seeds are used for the spice of confectionery and liquorice, and in a variety of spice mixtures, including panch phoron and garam masala. Black seed / black seed oil can be combined with other spices like almonds, cinnamon, cardamom, coriander, cumin, sar, fennel, ginger, pepper, thyme and turmeric.
Warnings, side effects and contraindications
There are no known side effects of black-seed oil when taken in moderate amounts, but the oil should not be taken by pregnant women. Large doses of seeds have been used to induce menstruation, and as they may cause uterine contractions, the seeds should not be used during pregnancy. The herb belongs to the sole family, which contains many abortion-inducing herbs.
As black seeds do not irritate gastric mucosa, the seeds can be used in diets instead of pepper. However, the seeds are somewhat toxic and should therefore not be used in larger doses
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http://www.rolv.no/urtemedisin/medisinplanter/nige_sat.htm
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975947616300389
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